The  Chocoholics Guide to Chocolate
chocolate, chocolate chip cookies,  Texas brownies, divine truffle brownies,  Mississippi mud cake, chocolate fudge cake, chocolate pecan Pie, devil's food cake, rocky road candy, fantasy fudge,  fudge frosting, German chocolate brownies,  German chocolate cake, nutty chocolate Pie, chocolate sauce, hot fudge pudding cake,  brownie bottom Pie, black bottom Pie, sweet chocolate Pie, Hershey Pie, chocolate cheesecake, hot fudge sauce,...

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Baking Basics

Pie Crumb Crust - Containing 1 ½ Cups Graham Cracker, Gingersnap or Vanilla Wafer Crumbs
Makes: Makes:  One 8- or 9 inch  Crust
Pie Pastry Preparedwith 2 Cups flour
Makes: One 8- or 9 inch double Crust
Cream Cheesee frosting made from 6 oz Cream Cheesee and 1 lb. Confectioners Sugar
Frost & Fills :  8-or 9 inch two -layer cake or  24 cupcakes
Butter Cream Frosting Made with  1 lb. Confectioners Sugar & 1/3 cup butter
Frosts:  8- or 9 inch two - layer cake or  24 cupcakes
Royal Icing made from 3 tbs. meringue powder egg white powwder, 1 lb. Confectioners Sugar & 6 tbs. water
Decorates: 8- , 9- or 10- inch cake or 36 cupcakes

EASY EXCHANGES
DRY INGREDIENTS

under 1/8 teaspoon = dash or pinch
1 ½ teaspoons = ½ teaspoon
3 teaspoon = 1 tablespoon
2 tablespoon = 1/8 cup
4 tablespoon = ¼ cup
8 tablespoon = ½ cup
16 tablespoon = 1 cup
5 tablespoon + 1 teaspoon = 1/3 cup
12 tablespoon = 3/4 cup
10 1/2 tablespoon = 2/3 cup
16 tablespoon = 1 cup
4 oz. = 1/2 cup
8 oz. = 1 cup
16 oz. = 1 pound
1/4 cup = 4 tablespoon
1/3 cup = 5 1/3 tablespoon
1/2 cup = 8 tablespoon
1/2 cup = 1/4 pint
2/3 cup = 10 2/3 tablespoons
1 cup = 16 tablespoons
1 cup = 1/2 pint
2 cup = 1 pint
4 Cups = 1 quart
2 pints = 1 quart
1 quart = 4 Cups
5/8 cup = 1/2 cup + 2 tablespoon
7/8 cup = 3/4 cup + 2 tablespoon
1 jigger = 1 1/2 fluid ounces (3 tablespoon)
8 to 10 egg whites = 1 cup
12 to 14 egg yolks = 1 cup
1 cup  cream = 2 Cups cream, whipped
1 lemon = 3 tablespoon juice
1 pound butter = 2 Cups or 4 sticks
2 Cups granulated sugar = 1 pound
3 1/2 - 4 Cups unsifted powdered sugar = 1 pound
2 1/4 Cups packed brown sugar = 1 pound
4 Cups sifted flour = 1 pound
4 1/2 Cups cake flour = 1 pound
14 squares Graham Crackers = 1 cup Crumbs
22 vanilla wafers = 1 cup Crumbs

Substitutions for a Missing Ingredient
1 square chocolate (1 oz.) = 3 or 4 tbsp. cocoa + 1/2 tbsp fat
1 tbsp. cornstarch = 2 tbsp. flour
1 cup sifted all-purpose flour = 1 cup + 2 tbsp. sifted cake flour
1 cup sifted cake flour = 1 cup - 2 tbsp. sifted all-purpose flour
1 tsp. baking powder = 1/4 tsp. baking soda + 1/2 tsp. cream of tartar
1 cup sour milk = 1 cup sweet milk added to 1 tbsp. vinegar

or 1 cup buttermilk ( let stand for 5 minutes)
1 cup sweet milk = 1 cup sour milk or butter milk + 1/2 tsp. baking soda
1 cup cream sour, heavy = 1/3 cup butter and 2/3 cup milk
1 cup whole milk = 1/2 cup evaporated milk and 1/2 cup water
1 package active dry yeast = 1 cake compressed yeast
3 medium bananas = 1 cup mashed
10 miniature marshmallows = 1 large marshmallows

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